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  1. Plasma | Physics, State of Matter, & Facts | Britannica

    Oct 17, 2025 · Plasma, in physics, an electrically conducting medium in which there are roughly equal numbers of positively and negatively charged particles, produced when the atoms in a …

  2. Plasma - Fusion, Lighting, Astronomy | Britannica

    Oct 17, 2025 · Running an arc between concentric electrodes and injecting gas into such a region causes a hot, high-density plasma mixture called a plasma jet to be ejected. It has many …

  3. Plasma - Oscillations, Parameters, Interactions | Britannica

    Oct 17, 2025 · This is the great practical goal of plasma physics—to produce nuclear fusion on the Earth. Confinement schemes devised by scientists use magnetic fields or the inertia of an …

  4. Plasma physics - Britannica

    In postwar papers, Bohm laid the foundations of modern plasma theory. Bohm’s lectures at Princeton developed into an influential textbook, Quantum Theory (1951), that contained a …

  5. Plasma - Waves, Particles, Interactions | Britannica

    Oct 10, 2025 · Plasma - Waves, Particles, Interactions: The waves most familiar to people are the buoyancy waves that propagate on the surfaces of lakes and oceans and break onto the …

  6. Nuclear Energy, Plasma Physics, Fusion Power - Britannica

    Oct 8, 2025 · A next major step in the development of fusion power is the construction of a facility to study the physics of a burning, ignited plasma (with Q being infinite). The presence of alpha …

  7. Magnetic Confinement, Plasma, Fusion - Britannica

    Oct 8, 2025 · Solution of the anomalous transport problem involves research into fundamental topics in plasma physics, such as plasma turbulence. Many different types of magnetic …

  8. plasma and plasma physics - Students | Britannica Kids

    Plasma is sometimes called the fourth state of matter because plasmas possess remarkable properties not found in ordinary solids, liquids, and gases. Because the free electrons are …

  9. Hannes Alfven | Biography & Facts | Britannica

    Hannes Alfvén (born May 30, 1908, Norrköping, Sweden—died April 2, 1995, Djursholm) was an astrophysicist and winner, with Louis Néel of France, of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1970 for …

  10. Plasma - Natural, State, Matter | Britannica

    Oct 10, 2025 · Plasma - Natural, State, Matter: It has been suggested that the universe originated as a violent explosion about 13.8 billion years ago and initially consisted of a fireball of …