An idea in an earlier blog is to make a pwm interface that can accept 5, 12 and 24V pulse streams. That one uses a bunch of resistors and has three separate inputs. Below that, wise commenter DB ...

Once more opto-isolators are to be seen in Wonderland. The aim was to see if the faster photodiode types can operate quickly in common collector mode. They consist of an infra-red led and a fast npn ...

Many industrial- and medical-systemcircuits require isolationfrom the mains-ac power. You can oftensend a signal across the isolation barrierusing a small transformer; transformersdo not pass ...

Designing a closed-loop, controlled power supply or motor-control system presents two main challenges. First, the design requires sending feedback voltage or current information across an isolation ...