1. Introduction -- 2. From Julius Caesar to simple substitution -- 3. Polyalphabetic systems -- 4. Jigsaw ciphers -- 5. Two-letter ciphers -- 6. Codes -- 7. Ciphers for spies -- 8. Producing random ...

Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

If quantum communication becomes mainstream, our entire approach to digital security could change.

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A unique cipher that uses playing cards and dice to turn languages into glyphs produces text eerily similar to the glyphs in ...

Microsoft is killing off an obsolete and vulnerable encryption cipher that Windows has supported by default for 26 years following more than a decade of devastating hacks that exploited it and ...

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5th January 2026: We added new Genshin Impact codes. Like a lot of free-to-play games, Genshin Impact has an in-game currency called Primogems that you'll find yourself quickly spending on Wish Items ...