Liquid-liquid extraction columns are pivotal in a range of industrial applications, from nuclear fuel reprocessing to hydrometallurgy and environmental remediation. These systems operate by contacting ...

Centrifugal contactors represent an advanced class of equipment optimising liquid–liquid extraction through the use of centrifugal forces to enhance mass transfer between immiscible phases. These ...

As stricter fuel regulations and pressures intensify for a solution to the rising greenhouse gas emissions, the maritime ...