The Bismuth–Corlette classification system provides an anatomic description of the tumor location and longitudinal extension in the biliary tree (Figure 3). It is limited due to its failure to ...

A new staging system for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma has recently been proposed to standardize the reporting of this intractable disease. However, the system has several flaws; thus, many revisions ...

What Is Metastatic Bile Duct Cancer and Its Causes? Bile duct cancer – also called cholangiocarcinoma – is a rare condition. When you have cholangiocarcinoma, cancer cells grow in your bile ducts, ...

A blocked bile duct typically occurs due to gallstones. Symptoms can vary depending on the duct affected but may include nausea, light-colored stools, and dark-colored urine. Biliary obstruction is a ...

Bile duct cancer is a rare type of cancer in which cancer cells form in the bile ducts. Bile ducts are a series of tubes that go from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine. They carry bile, ...

† Based on Bismuth–Corlette classification [19,20]. ‡ Based on the Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery Classification [48]. § Based on the TNM classification [21]. HA: Hepatic artery; PV: Portal vein.