On the basis of three physical axioms, we prove that if the choice of a particular type of spin 1 experiment is not a function of the information accessible to the experimenters, then its outcome is ...

As manufacturers deploy automated equipment that increases production times and improves precision, they’re continuing to use deterministic networks to keep assembly lines moving at a rapid pace. Once ...

New memory technologies may have non-deterministic characteristics that add calibration to the test burden — and may require recalibration during their lifetime. Many of these memories are in ...

(1) For the cryptocurrency wallet that generates individual keys, see crypto wallet. (2) A condition in which different results may be achieved from the same input. "Stochastic methods" are always non ...

Increasing evidence has emerged for non-random spatial distributions of microbes, but knowledge of the processes that cause variation in microbial assemblage among ecosystems is lacking. For instance, ...